Wildlife Management in Africa Essay - 1683 Words

Wildlife Management in Africa In the past three decades, many of Africas wild animals have suffered a massive decline in population due to poaching. Africa is the worlds second largest continent and home to thousands of species of animals. Unlike in North America, most of these animals roam completely free in an almost totally undeveloped environment. In attempt to save these animals from possible extinction, anti-poaching laws have been enacted by governments throughout Africa, as well as an international ban on ivory trade. Anti-poaching regulations have in turn stemmed the formation of programs and policies for the management of Africas wildlife. Poaching: Background Poaching, the illegal killing of protected animals,†¦show more content†¦They imposed laws that forbad the killing of these animals, but offered no alternative for those whose livelihood came from the animals (Butler, Mar1995; 40). The programs that were implemented were enforcement programs: many with a policy of shoot to kill (poachers). For example, in 1984, Zimbabwe implemented Operation Stronghold, whose main policy was to shoot poachers on site. Kenya has similar policies in their game parks, in retaliation to the poachers poaching park rangers (Hogan, 13). This attempt to secure animal populations has often cut off the human population in the immediate area from a valuable source of both income and food. Wildlife and Rural Inhabitants Many rural communities depend on farming as livelihood. Only 5 percent of the land in Africa is considered suitable for intensive agriculture, which therefore makes farming difficult (Child, 1997). Wild animals, especially elephants, make it even more difficult to eek out a living on the African landscape because they like to eat the crops, devastating the farmers income. In order to avoid or reduce damage from elephants, farmers have tried various strategies to deter them. 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